THE ARCHIVE

Publications

177 papers. Sourced from Google Scholar. Updated August 9, 2026.

YEARVENUE

2026

Toward a test of medical AI superintelligence↗

E Goh, D Wu, C Walton, LG McCoy, A Perez, L Wegner, ...· Nature Medicine, 1-3, 2026· 2026

Humanoid robots in the operating room: a framework for staged integration of embodied AI in surgery↗

JM Kernbach, G Brat, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· npj Digital Medicine, 2026· 2026

Open-Ended Clinical Text Generation for Acute Care: Applying Reinforcement Learning with Clinically Grounded Rewards↗

M Wang, L Luo, SE Kim, F Cao, DA Kim, P Rajpurkar· Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning, 966-984, 2026· 2026

Large reasoning models as thinking machines for medicine↗

HY Zhou, A Rodman, P Liu, P Rajpurkar, TY Hu, TY Wong, EJ Topol· Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1-10, 2026· 2026

Rexgroundingct: A 3d chest ct dataset for segmentation of findings from free-text reports↗

M Baharoon, L Luo, M Moritz, A Kumar, SE Kim, X Zhang, M Zhu, ...· NEJM AI, AIdbp2501220, 2026· 2026· 19 citations

Pancreatic Cancer AI: The Need for Prospective Outcome Studies↗

R Bhayana, P Rajpurkar· Radiology 319 (3), e261539, 2026· 2026

A universal foundation model for grounded biomedical image interpretation↗

L Wu, Y Nie, S He, J Zhuang, L Luo, T Li, Z Xie, D Chen, Y Zhao, ...· Nature Communications, 2026· 2026· 1 citations

Generalist biological artificial intelligence in modeling the language of life↗

VM Rao, S Zhang, BS Plosky, PD Hsu, B Wang, J Zou, M Zitnik, EJ Topol, ...· Nature Biotechnology 44 (6), 918-933, 2026· 2026· 15 citations

Imitation Learning for Robot Assistance in Open Surgery: A Multi-Policy Evaluation on Suture Following↗

X Wang, Z Yang, X Zhang, SE Kim, R Hardy, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.28736, 2026· 2026

Opportunistic cardiovascular risk assessment using routine head CT in the emergency department↗

X Zhang, JN Acosta, S Dogra, EN Silva, S Basu, HM Krumholz, R Khera, ...· Journal of the American College of Cardiology 87 (20), 2876-2886, 2026· 2026· 2 citations

Towards generalizable AI in medicine via Generalist–Specialist Collaboration↗

S He, Y Nie, H Wang, S Yang, Y Wang, Z Cai, Z Chen, Y Xu, L Wu, ...· Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1-15, 2026· 2026· 4 citations

Unifying the odyssey: artificial intelligence for rare disease diagnosis and therapy↗

ML Ho, M Zitnik, R Azachi, S Basu, P Rajpurkar, R Sidlow· Health and Technology 16 (3), 621-632, 2026· 2026

ReXSonoVQA: A Video QA Benchmark for Procedure-Centric Ultrasound Understanding↗

X Wang, X Zhang, SE Kim, A Pal, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.10916, 2026· 2026

MedVersa: A Generalist Foundation Model for Diverse Medical Imaging Tasks↗

HY Zhou, JN Acosta, S Adithan, S Datta, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· NEJM AI 3 (4), AIoa2500595, 2026· 2026· 8 citations

ReXInTheWild: A Unified Benchmark for Medical Photograph Understanding↗

O Banerjee, SE Kim, AN Willauer, JM Kernbach, AR Alomaish, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.19517, 2026· 2026· 1 citations

A clinical environment simulator for dynamic AI evaluation↗

L Luo, SE Kim, X Zhang, JM Kernbach, R Kenia, JN Acosta, ...· Nature medicine, 1-8, 2026· 2026· 14 citations

CRIMSON: A Clinically-Grounded LLM-Based Metric for Generative Radiology Report Evaluation↗

M Baharoon, T Heintz, S Raissi, M Alabbad, M Alhammad, H AlOmaish, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.06183, 2026· 2026· 4 citations

The Doctor Will Agree With You Now: Sycophancy of Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Medical Conversations↗

TM Kim, L Luo, SE Kim, AK Manrai, E Topol, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Linguistic Analysis for Health (HeaLing …, 2026· 2026· 8 citations

Do Mixed-Vendor Multi-Agent LLMs Improve Clinical Diagnosis?↗

GC Yuan, X Zhang, SE Kim, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Linguistic Analysis for Health (HeaLing …, 2026· 2026· 5 citations

Guidelines for Reporting Studies on Large Language Models in Radiology: An International Delphi Expert Survey↗

J Kottlors, AI Iuga, C Bluethgen, K Bressem, JN Kather, L Moy, C Wald, ...· Radiology 318 (2), e250913, 2026· 2026· 3 citations

Critically Appraising the Wellness Movement: Cost Without Value, A Narrative Review↗

ML Ho, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1-9, 2026· 2026

ED-Explain: Personalized Video Instructions for Patients Discharged from the Emergency Department↗

L Luo, E Chen, X Zhang, JN Acosta, BT Jin, F Gunturkun, C Rose, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 280-293, 2026· 2026

International retrospective observational study of continual learning for AI on endotracheal tube placement from chest radiographs↗

E Chen, A Saenz, O Banerjee, H Marklund, X Zhang, S Johri, HY Zhou, ...· NEJM AI 3 (1), AIoa2500522, 2026· 2026· 4 citations

Evaluation of Large Language Models as Emergency Department Revisit Predictors↗

E Chen, L Luo, F Gunturkun, S Sambara, R Arora, BT Jin, P Rajpurkar, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 130-143, 2026· 2026· 1 citations

Seeing Down the Line: Endoscopic Reconstruction with Centerline Constraints↗

AD Beltran, R Hardy, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2026· 2026

Beyond the Scanner: A Benchmark for Medical Photograph Understanding↗

O Banerjee, JM Kernbach, SE Kim, AR Alomaish, RAS Alghamdi, ...· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2026· 2026

Rendering with a Gut Feeling: Depth-Guided Triangle Splatting for Physically Consistent Colonoscopic Reconstruction↗

R Hardy, AD Beltran, TA Brenner, TM Berzin, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2026· 2026

Automated Chest X-ray Report Generation Remains Unsolved↗

X Zhang, JN Acosta, X Yang, S Adithan, L Luo, HY Zhou, J Miller, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 236-250, 2026· 2026· 5 citations

A Clinician-Guided Framework for Endoscopic AI: Developing PanEndoAtlas and Benchmarking Foundation Models Across the Full GI Spectrum↗

S Johri, L Luo, HY Zhou, T Brenner, S Elamin, ME Geissler, TM Berzin, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 42-56, 2026· 2026

The Intention-Execution Disconnect in Medical AI: The ReXecution Framework for Evaluating Real-World Clinical Performance↗

O Banerjee, L Bijnens, S Adithan, P Rajpurkar· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 294-308, 2026· 2026

3DReasonKnee: Advancing Grounded Reasoning in Medical Vision Language Models↗

S Sambara, SE Kim, X Zhang, L Luo, S Johri, M Baharoon, DH Ro, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 99-113, 2026· 2026· 6 citations

ColonCrafter: A Depth Estimation Model for Colonoscopy Videos Using Diffusion Priors↗

R Hardy, TM Berzin, P Rajpurkar· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 27-41, 2026· 2026· 4 citations

2025

Evaluating Contextual Intelligence in Recyclability: A Comprehensive Study of Image-Based Reasoning Systems↗

E Park, A Kumar, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.00905, 2025· 2025

ReX-MLE: The Autonomous Agent Benchmark for Medical Imaging Challenges↗

R Kenia, X Zhang, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.17838, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

Human—Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interactions: A Conversation With Pranav Rajpurkar, From the AJR Video Series on AI in Radiology↗

AS Tejani, P Rajpurkar· American Journal of Roentgenology 225 (6), e2534003, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

Large-scale generative tumor synthesis in computed tomography images for improving tumor recognition↗

L Wu, J Zhuang, Y Zhou, S He, J Ma, L Luo, X Wang, X Ni, X Zhong, M Wu, ...· Nature Communications 16 (1), 11053, 2025· 2025· 9 citations

Catalyzing Health AI by Fixing Payment Systems↗

N Razavian, P Batchu-Green, V Chowdhry, O Elemento, P Rajpurkar, ...· NEJM AI 2 (12), AIpc2500871, 2025· 2025· 4 citations

Coordinating health AI to prevent defensive escalation↗

M Moritz, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· The Lancet 406 (10516), 2209, 2025· 2025

NotifAI-OS: an AI framework for automated CT-based opportunistic screening in post-acute value-based care↗

R Reddy, PJ Pickhardt, A Manrai, RM Summers, D Kim, P Rajpurkar· Nature Biomedical Engineering 9 (11), 1791-1796, 2025· 2025· 3 citations

Voice-guided Orchestrated Intelligence for Clinical Evaluation (VOICE): A Voice AI Agent System for Prehospital Stroke Assessment↗

JN Acosta, SJ Adams, JM Kernbach, R Hardy, SE Kim, L Luo, X Zhang, ...· 2025 Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine …, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

State-of-the-Art Text-Prompted Medical Segmentation Models Struggle to Ground Chest CT Findings↗

M Baharoon, L Luo, M Moritz, A Kumar, SE Kim, X Zhang, M Zhu, ...· Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

RadGame: An AI-Powered Platform for Radiology Education↗

M Baharoon, S Raissi, JS Jun, T Heintz, M Alabbad, A Alburkani, SE Kim, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.13270, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

The Financial, Operational, and Clinical Advantages of Generalist Radiology AI↗

S Dogra, X Zhang, E Silva III, P Rajpurkar· Radiology 316 (3), e242362, 2025· 2025· 10 citations

Towards trustworthy artificial intelligence in musculoskeletal medicine: A narrative review on uncertainty quantification↗

AM Vahdani, M Shariatnia, P Rajpurkar, A Pareek· Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 33 (9), 3418-3437, 2025· 2025· 7 citations

Systems and methods for performing medical tasks using a medical artificial intelligence system↗

P Rajpurkar, HY Zhou· US Patent App. 19/057,629, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

Beyond Assistance: The Case for Role Separation in AI-Human Radiology Workflows↗

P Rajpurkar, EJ Topol· Radiology 316 (1), e250477, 2025· 2025· 27 citations

Optimizing AI solutions for population health in primary care↗

S Basu, P Bermudez-Canete, TC Hall, P Rajpurkar· npj Digital Medicine 8 (1), 434, 2025· 2025· 8 citations

A perspective for adapting generalist ai to specialized medical ai applications and their challenges↗

Z Wang, H Wang, B Danek, Y Li, C Mack, L Arbuckle, D Biswal, H Poon, ...· npj Digital Medicine 8 (1), 429, 2025· 2025· 33 citations

The generative era of medical AI↗

LJ Fahrner, E Chen, E Topol, P Rajpurkar· Cell 188 (14), 3648-3660, 2025· 2025· 118 citations

MC-MED, multimodal clinical monitoring in the emergency department↗

A Kansal, E Chen, BT Jin, P Rajpurkar, DA Kim· Scientific Data 12 (1), 1094, 2025· 2025· 23 citations

How generative AI voice agents will transform medicine↗

SJ Adams, JN Acosta, P Rajpurkar· npj Digital Medicine 8 (1), 353, 2025· 2025· 22 citations

Medframeqa: A multi-image medical vqa benchmark for clinical reasoning↗

S Yu, H Wang, J Wu, L Luo, J Wang, C Xie, P Rajpurkar, C Yang, Y Yang, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16964, 2025· 2025· 34 citations

Development, Evaluation, and Assessment of Large Language Models (DEAL) Checklist: A Technical Report↗

S Tripathi, D Alkhulaifat, FX Doo, P Rajpurkar, R McBeth, D Daye, ...· NEJM AI 2 (6), AIp2401106, 2025· 2025· 38 citations

Multimodal generative AI for interpreting 3D medical images and videos↗

JO Lee, HY Zhou, TM Berzin, DK Sodickson, P Rajpurkar· npj Digital Medicine 8 (1), 273, 2025· 2025· 27 citations

A Dataset for Understanding Radiologist-Artificial Intelligence Collaboration↗

A Moehring, M Kutwal, R Huang, O Banerjee, A Jacobi, C Eber, ...· Scientific Data 12 (1), 739, 2025· 2025· 6 citations

ReXGradient-160K: A Large-Scale Publicly Available Dataset of Chest Radiographs with Free-text Reports↗

X Zhang, JN Acosta, J Miller, O Huang, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.00228, 2025· 2025· 37 citations

Unibiomed: A universal foundation model for grounded biomedical image interpretation↗

L Wu, Y Nie, S He, J Zhuang, L Luo, T Li, Z Xie, D Chen, Y Zhao, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.21336, 2025· 2025· 16 citations

RadRevise: A Benchmark Dataset for Instruction-Based Radiology Report Editing↗

Y Huang, JN Acosta, P Rajpurkar· AAAI Bridge Program on AI for Medicine and Healthcare, 183-194, 2025· 2025

A large model for non-invasive and personalized management of breast cancer from multiparametric MRI↗

L Luo, M Wu, M Li, Y Xin, Q Wang, V Vardhanabhuti, WCW Chu, Z Li, ...· Nature Communications 16 (1), 3647, 2025· 2025· 34 citations

Coordinated AI agents for advancing healthcare↗

M Moritz, E Topol, P Rajpurkar· Nature Biomedical Engineering 9 (4), 432-438, 2025· 2025· 85 citations

Multimodal generative AI for medical image interpretation↗

VM Rao, M Hla, M Moor, S Adithan, S Kwak, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· Nature 639 (8056), 888-896, 2025· 2025· 154 citations

From data to artificial intelligence: evaluating the readiness of gastrointestinal endoscopy datasets↗

S Elamin, S Johri, P Rajpurkar, E Geisler, TM Berzin· Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 8 (Supplement_2 …, 2025· 2025· 10 citations

FreeTumor: Large-Scale Generative Tumor Synthesis in Computed Tomography Images for Improving Tumor Recognition↗

L Wu, J Zhuang, Y Zhou, S He, J Ma, L Luo, X Wang, X Ni, X Zhong, M Wu, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.18519, 2025· 2025· 10 citations

A Synthetic Data-Driven Radiology Foundation Model for Pan-tumor Clinical Diagnosis↗

W Lei, H Chen, Z Zhang, L Luo, Q Xiao, Y Gu, P Gao, Y Jiang, C Wang, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.06171, 2025· 2025· 2 citations

A Data-Efficient Pan-Tumor Foundation Model for Oncology CT Interpretation↗

W Lei, H Chen, Z Zhang, L Luo, Q Xiao, Y Gu, P Gao, Y Jiang, C Wang, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.06171, 2025· 2025· 11 citations

An Explainable Biomedical Foundation Model via Large-Scale Concept-Enhanced Vision-Language Pre-training↗

Y Nie, S He, Y Bie, Y Wang, Z Chen, S Yang, Z Cai, H Wang, X Wang, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.15579, 2025· 2025· 8 citations

A clinical certification pathway for generalist medical AI systems↗

P Rajpurkar, EJ Topol· The Lancet 405 (10472), 20, 2025· 2025· 28 citations

Rexvqa: A large-scale visual question answering benchmark for generalist chest x-ray understanding↗

A Pal, JO Lee, X Zhang, M Sankarasubbu, S Roh, WJ Kim, M Lee, ...· Biocomputing 2026: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 251-264, 2025· 2025· 23 citations

ReXErr-v1: Clinically Meaningful Chest X-Ray Report Errors Derived from MIMIC-CXR↗

V Rao, S Zhang, J Acosta, S Adithan, P Rajpurkar· PhysioNet, 2025· 2025· 3 citations

Multimodal clinical monitoring in the emergency department (mc-med)↗

A Kansal, E Chen, T Jin, P Rajpurkar, D Kim· PhysioNet, v1 10, 2025· 2025· 24 citations

An evaluation framework for clinical use of large language models in patient interaction tasks↗

S Johri, J Jeong, BA Tran, DI Schlessinger, S Wongvibulsin, LA Barnes, ...· Nature medicine 31 (1), 77-86, 2025· 2025· 290 citations

FactCheXcker: Mitigating Measurement Hallucinations in Chest X-ray Report Generation Models↗

A Heiman, X Zhang, E Chen, SE Kim, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, 30787 …, 2025· 2025· 19 citations

ReXErr: Synthesizing Clinically Meaningful Errors in Diagnostic Radiology Reports↗

VM Rao, S Zhang, JN Acosta, S Adithan, P Rajpurkar· Biocomputing 2025: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 70-81, 2025· 2025· 16 citations

ReXamine-Global: A Framework for Uncovering Inconsistencies in Radiology Report Generation Metrics↗

O Banerjee, A Saenz, K Wu, W Clements, A Zia, D Buensalido, ...· Biocomputing 2025: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 185-198, 2025· 2025· 8 citations

2024

ReXTrust: A Model for Fine-Grained Hallucination Detection in AI-Generated Radiology Reports↗

R Hardy, SE Kim, DH Ro, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.15264, 2024· 2024· 18 citations

The Impact of AI Assistance on Radiology Reporting: A Pilot Study Using Simulated AI Draft Reports↗

JN Acosta, S Dogra, S Adithan, K Wu, M Moritz, S Kwak, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.12042, 2024· 2024· 20 citations

Reimbursement in the age of generalist radiology artificial intelligence↗

S Dogra, E Silva, P Rajpurkar· NPJ Digital Medicine 7 (1), 350, 2024· 2024· 16 citations

RadFlag: A Black-Box Hallucination Detection Method for Medical Vision Language Models↗

S Zhang, S Sambara, O Banerjee, J Acosta, LJ Fahrner, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of Machine Learning for Health (ML4H), 2024· 2024· 30 citations

ReXplain: Translating Radiology into Patient-Friendly Video Reports↗

L Luo, J Vairavamurthy, X Zhang, A Kumar, RR Ter-Oganesyan, ...· Proceedings of Machine Learning for Health (ML4H), 2024· 2024· 13 citations

ReXrank: A Public Leaderboard for AI-Powered Radiology Report Generation↗

X Zhang, HY Zhou, X Yang, O Banerjee, JN Acosta, J Miller, O Huang, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.15122, 2024· 2024· 37 citations

Pixels and Pitfalls: Building Robust Artificial Intelligence for Medical Imaging↗

P Rajpurkar, AL Beam, AK Manrai· NEJM AI 1 (10), AIp2400803, 2024· 2024· 3 citations

HeadCT-ONE: Enabling Granular and Controllable Automated Evaluation of Head CT Radiology Report Generation↗

JN Acosta, X Zhang, S Dogra, HY Zhou, S Payabvash, GJ Falcone, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.13038, 2024· 2024· 5 citations

Generating Synthetic Data for Medical Imaging↗

LR Koetzier, J Wu, D Mastrodicasa, A Lutz, M Chung, WA Koszek, ...· Radiology 312 (3), e232471, 2024· 2024· 173 citations

Uncovering Knowledge Gaps in Radiology Report Generation Models through Knowledge Graphs↗

X Zhang, JN Acosta, HY Zhou, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.14397, 2024· 2024· 9 citations

MedAutoCorrect: Image-Conditioned Autocorrection in Medical Reporting↗

AC Asiimwe, D Surís, P Rajpurkar, C Vondrick· Proceedings of the 9th Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference 252, 2024· 2024· 1 citations

Direct Preference Optimization for Suppressing Hallucinated Prior Exams in Radiology Report Generation↗

O Banerjee, HY Zhou, S Adithan, S Kwak, K Wu, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of the 9th Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference 252, 2024· 2024· 15 citations

FineRadScore: A Radiology Report Line-by-Line Evaluation Technique Generating Corrections with Severity Scores↗

A Huang, O Banerjee, K Wu, EP Reis, P Rajpurkar· Proceedings of the 9th Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference 252, 2024· 2024· 28 citations

A Large Model for Non-invasive and Personalized Management of Breast Cancer from Multiparametric MRI↗

L Luo, M Wu, M Li, Y Xin, Q Wang, V Vardhanabhuti, WCW Chu, Z Li, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.12606, 2024· 2024· 12 citations

ReXPref-Prior: A MIMIC-CXR Preference Dataset for Reducing Hallucinated Prior Exams in Radiology Report Generation↗

O Banerjee, HY Zhou, S Adithan, S Kwak, K Wu, P Rajpurkar· 2024

RadGraph2: Tracking Findings Over Time in Radiology Reports↗

A Dejl, S Khanna, PT Pile, K Yoon, SQH Truong, H Duong, A Saenz, ...· Physionet, 2024· 2024· 1 citations

Implications of race adjustment in lung-function equations↗

JA Diao, Y He, R Khazanchi, MJN Tiako, JI Witonsky, E Pierson, ...· The New England journal of medicine 390 (22), 2083, 2024· 2024· 140 citations

MedVersa: A Generalist Foundation Model for Medical Image Interpretation↗

HY Zhou, JN Acosta, S Adithan, S Datta, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.07988, 2024· 2024· 39 citations

Comparative Advantage of Humans versus AI in the Long Tail↗

N Agarwal, R Huang, A Moehring, P Rajpurkar, T Salz, F Yu· AEA Papers and Proceedings 114, 618-622, 2024· 2024· 14 citations

Randomised controlled trials evaluating artificial intelligence in clinical practice: a scoping review↗

R Han, JN Acosta, Z Shakeri, JPA Ioannidis, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· The Lancet Digital Health 6 (5), e367-e373, 2024· 2024· 391 citations

GSCo: Towards Generalizable AI in Medicine via Generalist-Specialist Collaboration↗

S He, Y Nie, H Wang, S Yang, Y Wang, Z Cai, Z Chen, Y Xu, L Luo, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.15127, 2024· 2024· 28 citations

Heterogeneity and predictors of the effects of AI assistance on radiologists↗

F Yu, A Moehring, O Banerjee, T Salz, N Agarwal, P Rajpurkar· Nature Medicine 30 (3), 837-849, 2024· 2024· 254 citations

CRAFT-MD: A Conversational Evaluation Framework for Comprehensive Assessment of Clinical LLMs↗

S Johri, J Jeong, BA Tran, DI Schlessinger, S Wongvibulsin, ZR Cai, ...· AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium on Clinical Foundation Models, 2024· 2024· 28 citations

Adapting Segment Anything Models to Medical Imaging via Fine-Tuning without Domain Pretraining↗

K Li, P Rajpurkar· AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium on Clinical Foundation Models, 2024· 2024· 23 citations

Multimodal image-text matching improves retrieval-based chest x-ray report generation↗

J Jeong, K Tian, A Li, S Hartung, S Adithan, F Behzadi, J Calle, ...· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 978-990, 2024· 2024· 117 citations

Cell morphological representations of genes enhance prediction of drug targets↗

NS Iyer, DJ Michael, SYG Chi, J Arevalo, SN Chandrasekaran, ...· bioRxiv, 2024.06. 08.598076, 2024· 2024· 2 citations

A generalist learner for multifaceted medical image interpretation↗

HY Zhou, S Adithan, JN Acosta, EJ Topol, P Rajpurkar· arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.07988 3 (6), 15, 2024· 2024· 53 citations

Calibration and Uncertainty Estimation Challenges in Self-Supervised Chest X-ray Pathology Classification Models↗

J Xu, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2024· 2024· 1 citations

Evaluating General Vision-Language Models for Clinical Medicine↗

Y Jiang, JA Omiye, C Zakka, M Moor, H Gui, S Alipour, SS Mousavi, ...· medRxiv, 2024.04. 12.24305744, 2024· 2024· 17 citations

The MAIDA initiative: establishing a framework for global medical-imaging data sharing↗

A Saenz, E Chen, H Marklund, P Rajpurkar· The Lancet Digital Health 6 (1), e6-e8, 2024· 2024· 32 citations

2023

RadGraph2: Modeling Disease Progression in Radiology Reports via Hierarchical Information Extraction↗

S Khanna, A Dejl, K Yoon, SQH Truong, H Duong, A Saenz, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference, 381-402, 2023· 2023· 22 citations

Med-flamingo: a multimodal medical few-shot learner↗

M Moor, Q Huang, S Wu, M Yasunaga, Y Dalmia, J Leskovec, C Zakka, ...· Machine Learning for Health (ML4H), 353-367, 2023· 2023· 821 citations

LymphoML: An interpretable artificial intelligence-based method identifies morphologic features that correlate with lymphoma subtype↗

V Shankar, X Yang, V Krishna, B Tan, O Silva, R Rojansky, A Ng, ...· Machine Learning for Health (ML4H), 528-558, 2023· 2023· 17 citations

Learning Generalized Medical Image Representations Through Image-Graph Contrastive Pretraining↗

S Khanna, D Michael, M Zitnik, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Health (ML4H), 232--243, 2023· 2023· 5 citations

Exploring the Boundaries of GPT-4 in Radiology↗

Q Liu, S Hyland, S Bannur, K Bouzid, D Castro, M Wetscherek, R Tinn, ...· Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language …, 2023· 2023· 58 citations

A framework for integrating artificial intelligence for clinical care with continuous therapeutic monitoring↗

E Chen, S Prakash, V Janapa Reddi, D Kim, P Rajpurkar· Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1-10, 2023· 2023· 68 citations

Multimodal Clinical Benchmark for Emergency Care (MC-BEC): A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models in Emergency Medicine↗

E Chen, A Kansal, J Chen, BT Jin, JR Reisler, DA Kim, P Rajpurkar· Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets …, 2023· 2023· 32 citations

Multimodal Foundation Models Exploit Text to Make Medical Image Predictions↗

T Buckley, JA Diao, P Rajpurkar, A Rodman, AK Manrai· arXiv e-prints, arXiv: 2311.05591, 2023· 2023· 15 citations

Style-aware radiology report generation with radgraph and few-shot prompting↗

B Yan, R Liu, DE Kuo, S Adithan, EP Reis, S Kwak, VK Venugopal, ...· The 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023· 2023· 55 citations

Systems and methods for radiology image classification from noisy images↗

S Zhou, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar, M Sabini, C Wang, NM Phu, A Kiani, J Irvin, ...· US Patent 11,798,159, 2023· 2023· 3 citations

AI-clinician collaboration via disagreement prediction: A decision pipeline and retrospective analysis of real-world radiologist-AI interactions↗

M Sanchez, K Alford, V Krishna, TM Huynh, CDT Nguyen, MP Lungren, ...· Cell Reports Medicine 4 (10), 2023· 2023· 17 citations

Autonomous AI systems in the face of liability, regulations and costs↗

AD Saenz, Z Harned, O Banerjee, MD Abràmoff, P Rajpurkar· npj Digital Medicine 6 (1), 185, 2023· 2023· 94 citations

Guidelines For Rigorous Evaluation of Clinical LLMs For Conversational Reasoning↗

S Johri, J Jeong, BA Tran, DI Schlessinger, S Wongvibulsin, ZR Cai, ...· medRxiv, 2023.09. 12.23295399, 2023· 2023· 11 citations

Evaluating progress in automatic chest x-ray radiology report generation↗

F Yu, M Endo, R Krishnan, I Pan, A Tsai, EP Reis, EKUN Fonseca, ...· Patterns 4 (9), 2023· 2023· 310 citations

Augmenting medical image classifiers with synthetic data from latent diffusion models↗

LW Sagers, JA Diao, L Melas-Kyriazi, M Groh, P Rajpurkar, AS Adamson, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.12453, 2023· 2023· 43 citations

Combining Human Expertise with Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology↗

N Agarwal, A Moehring, P Rajpurkar, T Salz· National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023· 2023· 391 citations

AI-based pathologic biomarker for pathologic downstaging in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy after neoadjuvant nivolumab, gemcitabine, and …↗

V Krishna, GP Sonpavde, S Gupta, BL Maughan, N Agarwal, M Eckstein, ...· Journal of Clinical Oncology 41 (16_suppl), e16566-e16566, 2023· 2023

The Current and Future State of AI Interpretation of Medical Images↗

P Rajpurkar, MP Lungren· New England Journal of Medicine 388 (21), 1981-1990, 2023· 2023· 560 citations

Improving Zero-Shot Detection of Low Prevalence Chest Pathologies using Domain Pre-trained Language Models↗

A Mishra, R Mittal, C Jestin, K Tingos, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, short paper track, 2023· 2023· 10 citations

Development of an artificial intelligence-derived histologic signature associated with adjuvant gemcitabine treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer↗

V Nimgaonkar, V Krishna, V Krishna, E Tiu, A Joshi, D Vrabac, ...· Cell Reports Medicine 4 (4), 2023· 2023· 32 citations

BenchMD: A Benchmark for Modality-Agnostic Learning on Medical Images and Sensors↗

K Wantlin, C Wu, SC Huang, O Banerjee, F Dadabhoy, VV Mehta, ...· arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.08486, 2023· 2023· 31 citations

Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence↗

M Moor, O Banerjee, ZSH Abad, HM Krumholz, J Leskovec, EJ Topol, ...· Nature 616 (7956), 259-265, 2023· 2023· 2838 citations

Predicting patient decompensation from continuous physiologic monitoring in the emergency department↗

S Sundrani, J Chen, BT Jin, ZSH Abad, P Rajpurkar, D Kim· npj Digital Medicine 6 (1), 60, 2023· 2023· 69 citations

Targeted plasma metabolomics combined with machine learning for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type 2↗

AT Le, M Wu, A Khan, N Phillips, P Rajpurkar, M Garland, K Magid, ...· Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 1059289, 2023· 2023· 9 citations

Development of artificial intelligence–derived histological biomarkers for first-line treatment selection in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC).↗

V Krishna, E Tiu, V Krishna, D Vrabac, K Shah, W Abuzeid, K Smith, ...· Journal of Clinical Oncology 41 (4_suppl), 743-743, 2023· 2023· 2 citations

ReFiSco: Report Fix and Score Dataset for Radiology Report Generation↗

K Tian, SJ Hartung, AA Li, J Jeong, F Behzadi, J Calle-Toro, S Adithan, ...· 2023· 6 citations

Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating AI in Clinical Practice: A Scoping Evaluation↗

R Han, JN Acosta, Z Shakeri, J Ioannidis, E Topol, P Rajpurkar· medRxiv, 2023.09. 12.23295381, 2023· 2023· 26 citations

Testing the Limits of Language Models: A Conversational Framework for Medical AI Assessment↗

S Johri, J Jeong, BA Tran, DI Schlessinger, S Wongvibulsin, ZR Cai, ...· medRxiv, 2023· 2023· 13 citations

Radiology report expert evaluation (rexval) dataset↗

F Yu, M Endo, R Krishnan, I Pan, A Tsai, EP Reis, EKU Fonseca, H Lee, ...· PhysioNet, 2023· 2023· 13 citations

Video pretraining advances 3D deep learning on chest CT tasks↗

A Ke, SC Huang, CP O'Connell, M Klimont, S Yeung, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2023· 2023· 9 citations

2022

A proof of concept for a deep learning system that can aid embryologists in predicting blastocyst survival after thaw↗

P Marsh, D Radif, P Rajpurkar, Z Wang, E Hariton, S Ribeiro, R Simbulan, ...· Scientific Reports 12 (1), 21119, 2022· 2022· 14 citations

MedSelect: Selective Labeling for Medical Image Classification Using Meta-Learning↗

D Vrabac, A Smit, Y He, AY Ng, AL Beam, P Rajpurkar· International Conference on Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 1301-1310, 2022· 2022· 20 citations

Expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images via self-supervised learning↗

E Tiu, E Talius, P Patel, CP Langlotz, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Nature Biomedical Engineering 6 (12), 1399-1406, 2022· 2022· 695 citations

Self-supervised learning in medicine and healthcare↗

R Krishnan, P Rajpurkar, EJ Topol· Nature Biomedical Engineering 6 (12), 1346-1352, 2022· 2022· 806 citations

Improving dermatology classifiers across populations using images generated by large diffusion models↗

LW Sagers, JA Diao, M Groh, P Rajpurkar, AS Adamson, AK Manrai· NeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Synthetic Data for Empowering ML Research, 2022· 2022· 54 citations

Improving Radiology Report Generation Systems by Removing Hallucinated References to Non-existent Priors↗

V Ramesh, NA Chi, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Health, 456-473, 2022· 2022· 86 citations

Benchmarking saliency methods for chest X-ray interpretation↗

A Saporta, X Gui, A Agrawal, A Pareek, SQH Truong, CDT Nguyen, ...· Nature Machine Intelligence, 1-12, 2022· 2022· 351 citations

Transfer learning enables prediction of myocardial injury from continuous single-lead electrocardiography↗

BT Jin, R Palleti, S Shi, AY Ng, JV Quinn, P Rajpurkar, D Kim· Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 29 (11), 1908-1918, 2022· 2022· 22 citations

Multimodal biomedical AI↗

JN Acosta, GJ Falcone, P Rajpurkar, EJ Topol· Nature Medicine 28 (9), 1773-1784, 2022· 2022· 1729 citations

The need for medical artificial intelligence that incorporates prior images↗

JN Acosta, GJ Falcone, P Rajpurkar· Radiology 304 (2), 283-288, 2022· 2022· 42 citations

Gemcitabine response prediction in the adjuvant treatment of resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using an AI histopathology platform.↗

V Krishna, V Nimgaonkar, E Tiu, V Krishna, H Bhambhvani, S Cook, ...· Journal of Clinical Oncology 40 (16_suppl), e16295-e16295, 2022· 2022· 2 citations

CheXED: comparison of a deep learning model to a clinical decision support system for pneumonia in the emergency department↗

JA Irvin, A Pareek, J Long, P Rajpurkar, DKM Eng, N Khandwala, ...· Journal of thoracic imaging 37 (3), 162-167, 2022· 2022· 22 citations

Machine learning analysis for metabolomics classification and biomarker discovery↗

C Hogan, P Rajpurkar, BA Pinsky, AT Le· US Patent App. 17/475,271, 2022· 2022· 2 citations

Contrastive learning of heart and lung sounds for label-efficient diagnosis↗

PN Soni, S Shi, PR Sriram, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Patterns 3 (1), 2022· 2022· 45 citations

Deep Learning-Based Sparse Whole-Slide Image Analysis for the Diagnosis of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia↗

J Braatz, P Rajpurkar, S Zhang, AY Ng, J Shen· arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.01449, 2022· 2022· 14 citations

Targeted plasma metabolomics combined with machine learning for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type 2↗

AT Le, M Wu, A Khan, N Phillips, P Rajpurkar, M Garland, K Magid, ...· Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 2022· 2022

CXR-PRO: MIMIC-CXR with Prior References Omitted↗

V Ramesh, N Chi, P Rajpurkar· 2022· 3 citations

Self-Supervised Pretraining Enables High-Performance Chest X-Ray Interpretation Across Clinical Distributions↗

NS Iyer, A Gulati, O Banerjee, C Logé, M Farhat, A Saenz, P Rajpurkar· medRxiv, 2022.11. 19.22282519, 2022· 2022· 6 citations

AI in health and medicine↗

P Rajpurkar, E Chen, O Banerjee, EJ Topol· Nature Medicine 28 (1), 31-38, 2022· 2022· 4138 citations

2021

Retrieval-Based Chest X-Ray Report Generation Using a Pre-trained Contrastive Language-Image Model↗

M Endo, R Krishnan, V Krishna, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Health, 209-219, 2021· 2021· 189 citations

3KG: Contrastive Learning of 12-Lead Electrocardiograms using Physiologically-Inspired Augmentations↗

B Gopal, R Han, G Raghupathi, A Ng, G Tison, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Health, 156-167, 2021· 2021· 104 citations

A machine learning algorithm can optimize the day of trigger to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes↗

E Hariton, EA Chi, G Chi, JR Morris, J Braatz, P Rajpurkar, M Rosen· Fertility and Sterility 116 (5), 1227-1235, 2021· 2021· 90 citations

Chexbreak: Misclassification identification for deep learning models interpreting chest x-rays↗

E Chen, A Kim, R Krishnan, J Long, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference, 103-125, 2021· 2021· 5 citations

Medaug: Contrastive learning leveraging patient metadata improves representations for chest x-ray interpretation↗

YNT Vu, R Wang, N Balachandar, C Liu, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference, 755-769, 2021· 2021· 130 citations

GloFlow: Whole slide image stitching from video using optical flow and global image alignment↗

V Krishna, A Joshi, D Vrabac, P Bulterys, E Yang, S Fernandez-Pol, ...· International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted …, 2021· 2021· 6 citations

Nasopharyngeal metabolomics and machine learning approach for the diagnosis of influenza↗

CA Hogan, P Rajpurkar, H Sowrirajan, NA Phillips, AT Le, M Wu, ...· EBioMedicine 71, 2021· 2021· 38 citations

Unseen Disease Detection for Deep Learning Interpretation of Chest X-rays↗

S Shi, I Malhi, K Tran, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 699-712, 2021· 2021· 5 citations

Moco pretraining improves representation and transferability of chest x-ray models↗

H Sowrirajan, J Yang, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 728-744, 2021· 2021· 316 citations

Chexseg: Combining expert annotations with dnn-generated saliency maps for x-ray segmentation↗

SU Gadgil, M Endo, E Wen, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 190-204, 2021· 2021· 16 citations

Q-Pain: A Question Answering Dataset to Measure Social Bias in Pain Management↗

C Logé, E Ross, DYA Dadey, S Jain, A Saporta, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· Thirty-fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets …, 2021· 2021· 34 citations

Development and validation of an artificial intelligence system to optimize clinician review of patient records↗

EA Chi, G Chi, CT Tsui, Y Jiang, K Jarr, CV Kulkarni, M Zhang, J Long, ...· JAMA network open 4 (7), e2117391-e2117391, 2021· 2021· 74 citations

RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports↗

S Jain, A Agrawal, A Saporta, SQH Truong, DN Duong, T Bui, P Chambon, ...· Thirty-fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets …, 2021· 2021· 561 citations

Deep Learning for Medical Image Interpretation↗

P Rajpurkar· Stanford University, 2021· 2021· 6 citations

Improving Hospital Readmission Prediction using Individualized Utility Analysis↗

M Ko, E Chen, A Agrawal, P Rajpurkar, A Avati, A Ng, S Basu, NH Shah· Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 103826, 2021· 2021· 19 citations

Automated coronary calcium scoring using deep learning with multicenter external validation↗

D Eng, C Chute, N Khandwala, P Rajpurkar, J Long, S Shleifer, ...· NPJ digital medicine 4 (1), 88, 2021· 2021· 207 citations

DLBCL-Morph: Morphological features computed using deep learning for an annotated digital DLBCL image set↗

D Vrabac, A Smit, R Rojansky, Y Natkunam, RH Advani, AY Ng, ...· Scientific Data 8 (1), 1-8, 2021· 2021· 49 citations

Structured dataset documentation: a datasheet for CheXpert↗

C Garbin, P Rajpurkar, J Irvin, MP Lungren, O Marques· arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.03020, 2021· 2021· 37 citations

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM TO OPTIMIZE CLINICIAN REVIEW OF PATIENT RECORDS↗

EA Chi, G Chi, CT Tsui, Y Jiang, K Jarr, C Kulkarni, M Zhang, J Long, ...· Gastroenterology 160 (6), S-64-S-65, 2021· 2021

Effect of Radiology Report Labeler Quality on Deep Learning Models for Chest X-Ray Interpretation↗

S Jain, A Smit, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· NeurIPS Data-Centric AI Workshop, 2021· 2021· 11 citations

VisualCheXbert: Addressing the Discrepancy Between Radiology Report Labels and Image Labels↗

S Jain, A Smit, SQH Truong, CDT Nguyen, MT Huynh, M Jain, VA Young, ...· ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (ACM-CHIL) 2021, 2021· 2021· 54 citations

CheXternal: Generalization of Deep Learning Models for Chest X-ray Interpretation to Photos of Chest X-rays and External Clinical Settings↗

P Rajpurkar, A Joshi, A Pareek, AY Ng, MP Lungren· ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (ACM-CHIL) 2021, 2021· 2021· 24 citations

CheXtransfer: Performance and Parameter Efficiency of ImageNet Models for Chest X-Ray Interpretation↗

A Ke, W Ellsworth, O Banerjee, AY Ng, P Rajpurkar· ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (ACM-CHIL) 2021, 2021· 2021· 181 citations

Deep learning saliency maps do not accurately highlight diagnostically relevant regions for medical image interpretation↗

A Saporta, X Gui, A Agrawal, A Pareek, SQH Truong, CDT Nguyen, ...· 2021· 48 citations